Ellen V N
Sleep is an integral part of the high-quality human life. Normal sleep quality depends on the peculiarities of neurophysiological regulation, hormonal profile, genetic predesposity presence of concomitant diseases and social and cultural factors.Healthy sleep is necessary for full functioning of the brain, memory, regulation of metabolic processes, muscle recovery. Moreover, most of the repair processes occur during this period. At the same time, all physiological functions of sleep have not been determined yet. Of particular interest is the effect that quality sleep can have on cardiovascular system health. But the majority of studies are focused on the relationship between sleep duration and the state of the cardiovascular system. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and the Sleep Research Society (SRS) recommend that adults of 18-60 years old sleep 7 or more hours per night . In addition, the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) Consensus Report insists that normal sleep duration depends on age, gender, genetic factors. Adults of 18 to 64 years old are advised to sleep 7-9 hours, while 7-8 hours are suggested for people over 65 years old [5]. At the same time, sleep duration is genetically determined and some healthy people have a short sleep without any destructive health effects, including those for the cardiovascular system [6]. While not enough work is devoted to the study of sleep quality. Moreover, according to data obtained by Kocevska D, et al. after analyzing sleep data of more than 200 thousand patients, poor sleep quality (13.3%) and insomnia symptoms (9.6-19.4%) were more common than short sleep duration (6.5% with TST <6 h) in adults (≥18 years old) [7]. Data on the prevalence of various sleep disorders are rather contradictory. In a study of the general population, Ford DE, et al. and Quera-Salva MA, et al. reported the prevalence of insomnia as 10 to 48% [8,9]. According to other authors, the prevalence of insomnia among adults in the world reaches 33-50% [10]. Obstructive sleep apnea in general population occurs much less frequently than insomnia and accounts for 2-4% in men and 1-2% in women out of the general population [11]. Data on the prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders are practically absent. Sleep disorders are one of the most frequent non-cardiac complains in hypertensive patients. At the same time insomnia, short sleep duration and obstructive sleep apnea are well-documented risk factors of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, information concerning the frequency of different types of sleep disorders in patients with hypertension is limited.